Revetment.



PATENTED J AN REVETMENT. APPLIoATIoN FILED JUNE 9. 1906.

www L E. Jlwme,

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WIT ESSES:

No. 841,281. {PUBMED-JAN. 15, 1907. W. E. THORNE.

REVBTMENT.'

APPLICATION FILED JUNE 9. 190@ 2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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v embankment.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 15, 190'?.

Applicationled June9,1906 Serial NO- 32919521' To @ZZ whom,v it mayconcern,.-

Be it known that I, WILLIAM E. THORNE, a citizen o f the United States,residing at 1115Detroit street, in the'city of Denver,

county of Denver, and State of Colorado, have invented certain new anduseful Imrovements in Revetments, of which the folowing is aspecication.

My inventionvrelates to improvements in the construction ofrevetments--or ri rap- Work of any sort. It consists, essential y, of

the use'of a woven-.Wire base and cover appropriately secured, the stoneor material used'being laid between. It has been found 'that it isdiiiicult-to lay up loose" stone to form a revetment without supportingor binding the stone into place in some manner; but the methodsheretofore in use have not resulted satisfactorily. This is especiallytrue where the revetment is made upon a sloping embankment. Theadvantages of my improvement will hereinafter be specifically pointedout. l In the accompanying drawings, Figure 1 is a pers ective viewshQwing a transverse section o a revetment constructed upon a slope forthe purpose of retaining the water and of preventing the same fromWearingiaway the Fig. 2 shows a vertical crosssection of adamconstructed in my improved manner:- Fig. 3 shows a Wall made up ofsuccessive'layers of stone, a sheet of woven `wire being laced betweeneach two laye-rs thereof, the inding-wires passing outwardly from onesheet to another.

In the drawings, 1 isthe embankment in transverse section.

9 indicates the surface of the embankment above the revetment.

2 is the foundation or base, of'woven wire, which is laid upon theground Ain beginning the construction of a revetment in my. im-

proved. manner. The meshes of the Wire may be of any desired size orweight, -and the wire is iirmly bound and strengthened along its edges.After this foundation-wire is laid wires (indicated at 3) are secured tothe foundation-wire.'4 'lhese wires 3 are intended to act as tie orbinding Wires in the manner hereinafter shown. The binding-wires 3 arearrangec' in staggered series `at intervals, whichwill be determined bythe size of the stone used. A section of the stone wall, as indicated at4, is then laid up. When the desired height is reached, a cover or topsection ceeds as a ove stated.

of wire 5 is laid'upon the wall, and the binding-Wires 3 being irmlysecured tothe b ottom-or foundation-.Wire 2 at 8 are carried through themeshes of thetop section 5 and twisted together, as indicated at 6. Inthis manner is -formed a basketor binding-support for the loosestonework composed of a foundation-section, tie-Wires secured thereto-'and extended at a right angleoutwardly therefroml in a .staggeredseries at intervals determined by the size of the stone used, thesetie-wires extending upward through the layers of stone andhaving theirupper ends free above the top of the Wall.' A coversheet ofwire is thenlaid on'and thel tie-wires are passed through the same and twisted,Atightly 'to secure their upper ends in the cover-section of wire.' It isapparent -that the wall laid up in this manner is very solid -I andsubstantial-and bound'together in such manner that the stone cannot fallapart. If in time the wire rusts and breaks, it will be found-that theWall has settled and the parts have become so closely united that thewall will still remain intact. Further, a wall constructed in thismanner is bound together throughout and forms a continuous vstrucelture, one part'depending'upon another, a result which would not bepossibleif only loose stone were used without the bindingsheets and tiesof wire to consolidate the whole into one structure.

It is seen that this ,construction is of use in building dams also, andI have shown a dam in section in Fig. 2. 10 designates -anchor boulderso1; stones, to which are secured the binding-Wires 11. As the successiveupper layers of stone are placed the Wires 11 are brought-out until thedam has the height de- 4 sired, whereupon a cover-sheetof Woven wire12is laid overthe whole and r'lnly secured in place by the' binding-wires11, In the construction of dams-loose stones 13 are dropped into thestream until. the stone reaches' a height slightly above the surface ofthe Water.4 The anchor boulders or stones are then laced, and theconstruction pro-` In this construction the base or lower sheet of wovenWire is not employed. It is apparent, however, that it may bc utilizedin the place of the' anchoraboulders, if desired.

The construction herein shown is believed to be new and has beendemonstrated to be a very substantial improvement 1n the con- IOO IIC

' of dams.

een be practiced by one person alone end 1s struction of riprep or erevetment of any kind end has the advantage ofbeing not only durable,but renders it possible to use loose stone for revetment purposes whereit would be impossible to do so if the methods now in use would'heve tobe resorted to. Where the water covers the stone, loose materiel, suches hay or straw, muy be used for pack-- ing, und thereby the siltwill beretained, which will make the well more compact. However, it is to beunderstood that i do not use wire e .temporary expedient, for it isshown that the wire has wearing qualities, and it serves to bindtogether the lstone structure for u long period of time.

The well me y be leid up in successive layers of stone with thefoundation-sheet of woven wire et the bottom, und e cover-sheet maybeused with euch layer. The binding-wires muy be brought throu h fromthebottom sheet and secured in esc of the upper sheets as they ere laidon. ln this manner thewell muy be formed more comp actly und securely.

The binding-wires are preferably formed with double or treble strands,and in securing thev seine to the successive sheets of woven wire theymay be straddled through the meshes, and thus furnish e 'firmerengagement.

My improved construction of revetments is simple'end een be readilyutilized by lendowners and others interested in the preservetion of thebanks of streams or the formation It is seen also that the inventiondurable and admits of .quick repair when needed.

sensei What I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-

1. A revetment, dem, or the like, comprising e vmess of disposed parts,e flexible covering for said mess, end Ineens for securing seid coveringto oints below the surface ol' said mess, wherey seid loosely-disposedparts are bound together.

x2. A revetment, dem, or the like, compris-- ing a mess of materialcomposed of looselydisposed `erts, e flexible coverin `forl said- -mess,bin ing-wires secured tosai covering and penetrating seid mess andsecured 'at points below the surface of said mass. 8. A revetment, dem,or the like, comprising e mess of material composed of. looselydisposedparts, en upper stretumoflexible materiel constituting e 'covering forseid mess, e substretum of'fiexible' material, and binding means securedto said substretum and brought outwardly through seid. massend securedto seid upper stratum.

4. A revetment composed 'of e foundation of wire mesh, loose stone leidthereon, a cover of wire mesh upon seid stone, arid tiewiresl secured toseit foundation wire mesh and assed upwardly through said stone andlirmy secured to seid cover of wire mesh, whereby the stones ere rmlybound and secured in place.

in testimony whereof l affix my signature inthe presence of twowitnesses. I

'WILLAM E. THORNE- Witnesses:

E'Dwin J. Moons, W. W. Wnrrn.

material composed of loosely-

